What validity test does a COA fail if there is a high risk of collateral damage to civilians?

A course of action (COA) that poses a high risk of collateral damage to civilians fails the acceptability validity test. This test evaluates whether a COA is permissible under international law and ethical considerations, including the potential impact on civilian populations. Acceptability ensures that military actions do not lead to excessive civilian harm, in line with the principles of proportionality and distinction inherent in the laws of armed conflict.

When a COA jeopardizes civilians through significant collateral damage, it raises ethical concerns and may violate rules of engagement or international treaties. This leads to questioning the legitimacy of the action from an operational and moral standpoint, thus impacting the overall effectiveness and legitimacy of the military strategy being proposed.

Suitability, feasibility, and distinguishability are focused on the strategic fit, practical implementation, and clarity of the COA, respectively, but the filter of acceptability specifically aligns with the need to safeguard civilians and uphold legal responsibilities during military operations.